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Fashion Industry Terms

Understanding K-pop costume production and vintage fashion requires specialized terminology. This glossary covers the terms you'll encounter working with 2000Atelier, 2000Archives, and our clients.

How to Use This​

Don't memorize everything. Use search (Ctrl/Cmd + F) when you encounter unfamiliar terms in:

  • Client briefs
  • Production meetings
  • Sourcing discussions
  • Quality control reviews

Terms are organized by category for easier browsing.

Production & Manufacturing​

봉제 (Bongjae / Sewing)​

Definition: The process of joining fabric pieces together using stitches.

Types at Kyndof:

  • 기계 봉제 (Machine sewing): Standard industrial sewing
  • 손 봉제 (Hand sewing): Premium finishing for high-end pieces
  • 특수 봉제 (Special sewing): Decorative or structural specialty stitching

Quality markers: Stitch consistency, seam strength, thread tension

Related: See 2000Atelier Production Process

패턴 (Pattern)​

Definition: The template used to cut fabric pieces for a garment.

Pattern development stages:

  1. 기본 패턴 (Basic pattern): Foundation template
  2. 실루엣 패턴 (Silhouette pattern): Adjusted for design
  3. 그레이딩 (Grading): Size variations
  4. 마킹 (Marking): Layout for fabric cutting

Why it matters: Pattern accuracy determines fit quality and fabric efficiency.

샘플 (Sample)​

Definition: A prototype garment made to test design, fit, and construction before production.

Sample types:

  • 디자인 샘플 (Design sample): First physical prototype
  • 핏 샘플 (Fit sample): For size/fit testing
  • PP 샘플 (Pre-Production sample): Final approval before mass production
  • TOP 샘플: Production reference sample

Timeline: Typically 5-7 days per sample round at 2000Atelier.

그레이딩 (Grading)​

Definition: Creating multiple size variations from a base pattern.

Common size ranges:

  • Korean standard: 44-66 (even numbers)
  • International: XS, S, M, L, XL, XXL
  • Custom: Client-specific sizing

Challenge: Maintaining design proportions across all sizes.

재단 (Jaedan / Cutting)​

Definition: Cutting fabric according to pattern pieces.

Methods:

  • 수작업 재단 (Manual cutting): For small batches or special fabrics
  • 전기 재단기 (Electric cutter): Standard production
  • 레이저 재단 (Laser cutting): Precision cutting for complex shapes

Key factor: Fabric grain direction affects garment drape.

부자재 (Bujajae / Notions)​

Definition: Supporting materials beyond main fabric.

Categories:

  • 심지 (Interfacing): Stiffening material for collars, cuffs
  • 안감 (Lining): Interior fabric layer
  • 지퍼 (Zipper)
  • 단추 (Buttons)
  • 리벳 (Rivets)
  • 라벨 (Labels): Brand tags, care labels

Sourcing: 2000Atelier maintains relationships with specialized suppliers in Dongdaemun.

Fabric Types & Characteristics​

데님 (Denim)​

Definition: Sturdy cotton twill fabric, signature material for vintage fashion.

Characteristics:

  • 무게 (Weight): Measured in oz (ounces per square yard)
    • Light: 8-10 oz
    • Medium: 10-13 oz
    • Heavy: 13-16 oz
    • Super-heavy: 16+ oz
  • 셀비지 (Selvedge): Premium denim with self-finished edges
  • 워싱 (Washing): Treatment for color, texture, distressing

Why it matters: Different weights suit different garment types. Heavy denim for structured jackets, light for draping.

니트 (Knit)​

Definition: Fabric created by interlocking loops of yarn rather than weaving.

Types:

  • 저지 (Jersey): Single knit, stretchy (t-shirts)
  • 리브 (Rib): Vertical stretch (cuffs, collars)
  • 인터락 (Interlock): Double knit, stable (dresses)
  • 스웨터 니트 (Sweater knit): Thicker gauge

Property: Stretch percentage affects fit and pattern requirements.

우븐 (Woven)​

Definition: Fabric created by interlacing warp and weft threads at right angles.

Common weaves:

  • 평직 (Plain weave): Simple over-under (cotton, linen)
  • 능직 (Twill): Diagonal pattern (denim, chino)
  • 주자직 (Satin): Smooth surface with sheen

Characteristic: Less stretch than knits, more structure.

빈티지 소재 (Vintage Materials)​

Definition: Fabrics from past decades, often with unique characteristics no longer produced.

Common finds at 2000Archives:

  • 1980s polyester blends: Vibrant colors, synthetic sheen
  • 1990s heavyweight cotton: Oversized t-shirt blanks
  • Deadstock denim: Unworn vintage fabric
  • Retro synthetics: Nylon, acetate, early performance fabrics

Challenge: Unpredictable shrinkage, fading, fragility with age.

기능성 소재 (Performance Fabrics)​

Definition: Fabrics engineered for specific properties.

K-pop costume applications:

  • 신축성 (Stretch): For dance movement (spandex, elastane)
  • 속건성 (Quick-dry): Stage performance under lights
  • 통기성 (Breathability): Comfort during long shoots
  • 난연성 (Flame-resistant): Safety for stage pyrotechnics

Sourcing: Specialty fabric suppliers in Seoul, imported technical fabrics.

K-pop Costume Terminology​

무대 의상 (Stage Costume)​

Definition: Performance garments designed for visual impact and movement.

Requirements:

  • 내구성 (Durability): Withstand intense choreography
  • 가시성 (Visibility): Stand out under stage lighting
  • 속건성 (Quick-change ready): Easy on/off for costume changes
  • 동작성 (Movement): No restriction on dance moves

2000Atelier specialty: Custom costumes for music shows, concerts, award ceremonies.

컴백 의상 (Comeback Outfit)​

Definition: The signature look for a K-pop group's new song/album release.

Significance:

  • Sets visual concept for entire promotion cycle
  • Photographed thousands of times (music videos, stages, press)
  • Influences fan merch and fashion trends

Production timeline: Typically 3-4 weeks from concept to delivery.

공방용 의상 (Broadcast Costume)​

Definition: Outfits designed specifically for TV music shows.

Considerations:

  • 카메라 친화적 색상 (Camera-friendly colors): Avoid pure white, pure black
  • 디테일 가시성 (Detail visibility): Small details lost on broadcast
  • 조명 반응 (Lighting response): How fabric appears under studio lights

Testing: 2000Atelier often does lighting tests before final delivery.

팬사인회 의상 (Fan Meeting Outfit)​

Definition: Casual-formal outfits for close fan interactions.

Style direction:

  • More approachable than stage costumes
  • Incorporates current street fashion
  • Allows for sitting, signing, extended wear

Comfort: Priority over visual drama (unlike stage costumes).

커스텀 (Custom)​

Definition: Fully bespoke garments designed for specific client/concept.

Process at 2000Atelier:

  1. Concept meeting with stylist/agency
  2. Design sketches and fabric selection
  3. First fitting with artist
  4. Adjustments and refinement
  5. Final delivery with backup pieces

Lead time: Minimum 2 weeks, typically 3-4 weeks for complex pieces.

레플리카 (Replica)​

Definition: Reproduction of existing garments (vintage pieces, designer items).

Use cases:

  • Recreating rare vintage finds for stage wear
  • Making multiples of hero pieces for different members
  • Backup costumes for touring

Accuracy level: Pattern, fabric, construction all matched to original.

Vintage Fashion Terms​

빈티지 (Vintage)​

Definition: Genuine clothing/accessories from past decades, typically 20+ years old.

Decades at 2000Archives:

  • 1980s: Bold colors, oversized silhouettes, power shoulders
  • 1990s: Minimalism, grunge, early streetwear
  • 2000s: Y2K aesthetic, low-rise, bling era

Authentication: Checking tags, construction methods, fabric types to verify era.

데드스톡 (Deadstock)​

Definition: New-old-stock items never sold or worn, still with original tags.

Value: Higher than used vintage because of unworn condition.

Common finds: Military surplus, workwear, basic tees from closed factories.

리워크 / 업사이클 (Rework / Upcycle)​

Definition: Transforming existing vintage pieces into new designs.

Techniques:

  • 재단 (Cropping): Shortening length, removing sleeves
  • 조합 (Patchwork): Combining pieces from multiple garments
  • 추가 (Embellishment): Adding embroidery, patches, hardware
  • 재구성 (Reconstruction): Complete redesign using original fabric

2000Archives focus: Preserving vintage character while creating modern wearability.

그레이드 (Grade)​

Definition: Vintage condition rating.

Rating scale:

  • A+: Deadstock, new with tags
  • A: Excellent, minimal wear
  • B: Good, minor flaws
  • C: Acceptable, visible wear
  • D: Poor, significant damage (for parts/rework only)

Pricing: Grade directly affects resale value.

워싱 (Washing / Distressing)​

Definition: Treatment to achieve aged, worn appearance.

Methods:

  • 스톤워싱 (Stone washing): Tumbling with pumice stones
  • 샌드블라스팅 (Sandblasting): Manual distressing
  • 약품 처리 (Chemical washing): Bleach, enzyme treatments
  • 수작업 (Hand distressing): Sandpaper, razors for targeted wear

Authenticity: Genuine vintage wear vs. artificial distressing.

Construction Methods​

프렌치심 (French Seam)​

Definition: Seam finish where raw edges are enclosed within the seam.

Appearance: Clean inside and outside, no visible raw edges.

Use cases: Sheer fabrics, reversible garments, high-end finishing.

Quality indicator: Time-consuming, signals premium construction.

오버록 (Overlock / Serging)​

Definition: Stitch that wraps around fabric edge to prevent fraying.

Machine: Industrial overlock machines (3-thread, 4-thread, 5-thread).

Standard: Most common seam finish in ready-to-wear.

바인딩 (Binding)​

Definition: Finishing raw edges with a folded fabric strip.

Common locations: Necklines, armholes, hems on knits.

Technique: Single-fold vs. double-fold binding for different thicknesses.

스티칭 (Topstitching)​

Definition: Visible stitching on the garment exterior, often decorative.

Functions:

  • Reinforce seams
  • Flatten seam allowances
  • Add design detail

Denim signature: Contrasting topstitching is denim garment hallmark.

다트 (Dart)​

Definition: Triangular tuck in fabric to create shape and fit.

Locations:

  • Bust darts (shirts, dresses)
  • Waist darts (pants, skirts)
  • Shoulder darts (jackets)

Purpose: Converts flat fabric into three-dimensional form.

Quality Control Terms​

검수 (Geomsoo / Inspection)​

Definition: Quality control process checking garments against standards.

Checklist:

  • 봉제 품질 (Seam quality): Stitch consistency, no puckering
  • 사이즈 (Sizing): Measurements match specs
  • 색상 (Color): No dye lots variation
  • 디테일 (Details): All components present and correct
  • 마감 (Finishing): Threads trimmed, labels attached

Standard: 2000Atelier performs 100% inspection before client delivery.

불량 (Bullyang / Defect)​

Definition: Flaw or error in construction/material.

Categories:

  • A급 불량 (Major defect): Affects function/appearance (wrong size, visible damage)
  • B급 불량 (Minor defect): Cosmetic issues (loose thread, small mark)

Action: Major defects = remake, minor = discount or repair.

핏 (Fit)​

Definition: How a garment conforms to the body.

Fit types:

  • 슬림핏 (Slim fit): Close to body
  • 레귤러핏 (Regular fit): Standard ease
  • 오버사이즈핏 (Oversized fit): Intentionally large
  • 루즈핏 (Loose fit): Relaxed, not structured

K-pop trend: Oversized fits dominant in current era.

마킹 (Marking)​

Definition: Visible marks on fabric (pen, chalk, pins).

Issue: Permanent marks are defects. Water-soluble or heat-removable markers required.

Prevention: Marking on seam allowances only, never on garment face.

Measurement Terms​

총장 (Total Length)​

Definition: Full garment length from highest to lowest point.

Measurement points:

  • 상의 (Tops): High shoulder point to hem
  • 하의 (Bottoms): Waist to hem

Variation: Body length vs. total length (excludes collar/waistband).

가슴단면 (Chest Width)​

Definition: Garment width measured across chest/bust.

Standard: Measured flat, armpit to armpit, typically 1" below armhole.

Sizing: Primary measurement for determining top sizes.

어깨 (Shoulder)​

Definition: Shoulder width measurement.

Points: Shoulder seam end to shoulder seam end.

Style impact: Dropped shoulder = wider than body shoulder.

소매 (Sleeve)​

Definition: Sleeve length measurement.

Types:

  • 진동 (Armhole): Shoulder point to sleeve opening
  • 소매통 (Sleeve width): Circumference at bicep
  • 소매부리 (Cuff): Opening width

Raglan exception: Measured from center back neck.

밑위 (Rise)​

Definition: Pants measurement from crotch seam to waistband.

Types:

  • 앞 밑위 (Front rise)
  • 뒤 밑위 (Back rise)
  • 총 밑위 (Total rise)

Trend: Low-rise (2000s) vs. high-rise (current).

Hardware & Accessories​

지퍼 (Zipper)​

Definition: Mechanical fastener with interlocking teeth.

Types:

  • 코일 지퍼 (Coil zipper): Flexible, lightweight
  • 금속 지퍼 (Metal zipper): Durable, vintage aesthetic
  • 컨실 지퍼 (Invisible/concealed zipper): Hidden in seam

Brands: YKK (standard), Talon (vintage), Riri (luxury).

스냅 (Snap)​

Definition: Two-part fastener that clicks together.

Applications: Jackets, shirts, baby clothes (safety).

Installation: Hand-sewn or machine-pressed.

리벳 (Rivet)​

Definition: Metal fastener reinforcing stress points.

Denim signature: Rivets at pocket corners prevent tearing.

Material: Copper, brass, aluminum.

버튼 (Button)​

Definition: Round fastener through buttonholes.

Types:

  • 뿔단추 (Horn button): Natural material, premium
  • 조개단추 (Shell button): Formal shirts
  • 플라스틱단추 (Plastic button): Standard
  • 금속단추 (Metal button): Jeans, workwear

Attachment: Sew-through vs. shank buttons.

Industry Jargon​

동대문 (Dongdaemun)​

Definition: Seoul's fabric and garment district, 24-hour wholesale market.

Key areas:

  • 원단 시장 (Fabric market): Gwangjang, Dongdaemun Design Plaza area
  • 부자재 시장 (Notions market): Buttons, zippers, trims
  • 완제품 (Finished goods): Wholesale clothing

2000Atelier routine: Weekly sourcing trips for materials.

공장 (Gongjang / Factory)​

Definition: Manufacturing facility for garment production.

Relationships: 2000Atelier works with trusted network of specialized factories for:

  • Denim production
  • Knitwear
  • Outerwear
  • Embroidery

Lead times: Varies by complexity, typically 2-4 weeks.

시안 (Sian / Mockup)​

Definition: Quick prototype to visualize design concept.

Materials: Often made with substitute fabrics before final materials arrive.

Purpose: Design approval before committing to expensive production.

행거 (Hanger)​

Definition: Display method for wholesale/retail.

Context: "행거에 걸다" (hang on hanger) = make retail-ready.

Standard: Specific hanger types for different garment categories.

Internal Documentation​

External Learning​

  • Fabric knowledge: Visit Dongdaemun fabric market with team
  • Construction techniques: Shadow production team during sample making
  • K-pop trends: Follow stylist social media, watch music show broadcasts

Who to Ask​

  • Fabric questions: 2000Atelier sourcing lead
  • K-pop terminology: Stylist relations manager
  • Vintage authentication: 2000Archives lead buyer

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Last Updated: 2026-02-03